CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
The development
of increasingly sophisticated technology led to the growing diversity of
information systems. This condition is also supported by the financial ability
of the public's growing day by day, then most people now have at least the
technology that will facilitate communication. But it turns out that there is
now information systems not only facilitate relationships between individuals,
but also facilitate the relationship between government and citizens.
One of the
concepts that make this relationship is E-Government system. E-Government,
called "E-Gov", or the Electronic Government, Digital Government,
Government Online, or in certain contexts Transformational Government is the
use of information technology by the government to provide information and
services for residents, business affairs, as well as other matters relating
with the government. In practice, E-Government is the use of the Internet to conduct
government business and the provision of better public services with
service-oriented society.
E-Government
in Indonesia has been introduced through Presidential Instruction. 6/2001 date.
24 April 2001 on Telematics (Telecommunications, Media and Information), which
states that government officials should use telematics technology to support
good governance and speed up the democratic process. Furthermore, the E-Government
must be introduced for different purposes at government offices. Public
administration is one area where the internet can be used to provide access for
all communities in the form of basic services and streamlining the relationship
between society and government.[1]
E-Government
is a form of a new information system that is able to assist the government in
terms of transparency of public information and services online. Development of
E-Government is an effort to develop electronic-based government administration
in order to improve the quality of public services effectively and efficiently.
The expected
profit of E-Government is increasing the efficiency, convenience, and better
accessibility of public services. E-Government aims to provide services without
the intervention of officials of public institutions and systems long lines
just to get a simple service.
In addition to
the E-Government also aims to support the realization of good governance. The
use of technology to facilitate public access to information can reduce
corruption by increasing transparency and accountability of public
institutions. E-Government to broaden public participation in the community
where it is possible to engage actively in the decision / policy by the
government. E-Government is also expected to improve productivity and
efficiency of the bureaucracy and increase economic growth.
Application of
E-Government is also expected to reduce the amount of distortion that has been
done by the officials / officers in Indonesia lately. Actions such as the
deviation here is an act of counterfeiting passports that have been made by Gayus
Tambunan, and M. Nazaruddin is ensnared by corruption homestead was the athlete
in Palembang. In addition to corruption, he was also caught up in fake passport
case.
As said by
Chief Prosecutor Tim Bambang Setyadi, Gayus defendants have used the fitting por on behalf of
Sony Laksono, on 24 September 2010. The defendant went abroad to use the passport
“T serial number 11
644” which was already
used as an official way on behalf Margareta Inggrid Anggraeni through the
airport Soekarno Hatta. Gayus was found guilty of a crime to use fake mail RI roads.
He violated Pasal 55 huruf a jonto huruf C, UU No 9
1992
on Immigration. Mentioned in the indictment, there are 18 similarities to the
passport photo picture taken by a separate. In the photo looks to tilt of mouth, lips, tip
of her nose, concave lip protrusion there are similarities
with Gayus Tambunan. The photographs were taken in various poses, there are
no wigs, Gaius use glasses, and tie.[2]
Passport fraud
action shows that the weak process of manually passport, because it proved that
the person being a suspect was able to travel to abroad, and escape from
immigration control by forging the passport.
Passport
as an official document indicating the identity of an international must-have
if someone wants to travel abroad. Passport can only be issued by the State,
namely Immigration, so if we want to make a passport so we can get it at the
nearest immigration office and through several stages. Passport in the form of
a booklet that contained the contents of personal identity and the pages to
place a stamp or visa sticker countries visited. However, with increasingly
sophisticated technological advances, many discoveries are applied to make
things easier and more effective.[3]
Passport for
the community there are two ways, namely to manually direct the public to come
and make an application at the Immigration Office and making an application
through the information system. E-Passport information systems are useful for
making the request so that people do not need to come to the immigration office
for petition
information. E-Passports systems also serve to check
the status of passport application is being made public. The purpose of the
statement is the extent to which a passport that has been done by the
Immigration Service staff so that people can tell when people have to go back
to the Immigration Office to initiate the next stage.
In line with
the progress of time, then the principles of good governance can be achieved
through the application of technology, especially information system which will
assist officers in doing their jobs, by reducing its limitations. One of the
things that will be discussed here is the provision of information about
immigration through the website itself, as well as the provision of services
regarding immigration through the information system, called the E-Passport.
E-Passport information systems function to provide services and information to
the public via the internet. Information and services on the mean of the
passport.
As defined in 1
UU No.6/2011 On Immigration,
Immigration Management Information Technology Systems (SIMKIM) is a Systems
Information and Communication Technology is used to collect, process and
present information to support operational, management, and decision making in
carrying out the functions immigration.[4] Electronic
passport or e-Passport is a development that includes conventional passports
implanted a chip that contains biometric data and its holder biographical data
as one element of securing a passport is required by the International Civil
Aviation Organization (International Civil Aviation Organization / ICAO) to
countries accredited to publish a complete no later than 2015.
E-Passport is
a secure and reliable documents to travel abroad so as to facilitate the
submission of Visa; makes it easy for the holder; immigration inspection
process more quickly, and in compliance with ICAO standards. The international
community agreed that each country is required to use the E-Passport. Passport
that is created and governance using a computer system. Data so that visitors
in the E-Passport can be connected from one country to another. In practice,
every citizen who visited the inter-state, no need to do a re-prints or photos.
So that traffic on each visit even more rapid international airport.[5]
Justice
Minister Patrialis Akbar (January, 2011) states, E-Passport was initiated with
the foundation and purpose to tighten supervision and increase immigration
documents so that events like the passport forgery case convict Gayus Tambunan
tax mafia is not repeated. Patrialis also ensure, to the e-passport, the
passport counterfeiting will decrease. Because, according to him, e-passport is
very hard to forge. Very effective to anticipate fraud. Therefore, the
e-passport is equipped with a special chip. He also ensures the E-Passport is
not difficult for users. On the contrary, the E-Passport will facilitate the
public and ensure the security of its users.[6]
E-Passport
implementation utilizing an electronic-based information technology advances to
meet the safety standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
Immigration Director General of ministry of law and human rights, Bambang Irawan
explained, E-Passport
has many advantages. Among them, the next five years throughout the world have
been using E-Passport-related tools. In addition, to avoid a false passport and that later
there was no misuse of a passport. He added that another advantage of the
E-Passport is the data going to be easy in accurate. So, we will easily
investigate a person, whether he is a terrorist or not. According to him,
E-Passport is actually not much different from ordinary passport that had been
owned by the community. Only, in the E-Passport pages later there is a thicker
paper because it will be mounted on a chip. Chip is what makes E-Passports cannot
be intercepted, let alone to forge.
To further investigate how the
E-Passport application conducted by the Directorate General of Immigration in
achieving good governance, the authors are interested in taking the title
IMPLEMENTATION OF E-PASSPORT IN MAKING GOOD GOVERNANCE IN INDONESIA.
CHAPTER II
THEORY
A.
Good Governance
Admnistrasi State agency (LAN) defines governance
as the process of organizing power of the state in providing public goods and services.
LAN confirms viewed
from a functional aspect, governance can
be viewed from whether the
government has been functioning
effectively and efficiently
in order to achieve the goals outlined, or vice versa. Good in good governence by LAN
contains two terms,
namely:
“ First, the values that uphold the desire or the will
of the people, and values that can improve people's ability in achieving the goal (national)
self-reliance for sustainable
development and social justice. Second, the functional aspects
of effective governance and efficient in the
execution of his duties to
achieve those goals”.[7]
Based
on this
understanding, LAN then argued that good governance is oriented on two
things, first the ideal orientation is
directed towards the achievement of national goals and
two functional aspects
of effective governance and efficient in its
operation to achieve those goals. Furthermore, based on the description LAN conclude
that good governance is a solid state governance and
responsible and efficient,
to keep the "kesinergisan"
constructive interaction between the
domain-domain state, private and public sectors.
Minister of Justice and Human Rights
(Menkumham) Patrialis Akbar states that:
"E-Passport was initiated with the foundation and
purpose to tighten supervision and increase
in immigration documents. This passport aims
to improve the immigration
service, supervision of
foreigners, and the enforcement
of immigration laws.”
The next goal, to make use of information
technology and communications,
as well as improving human resources. In addition to in-country, the Immigration also provides publishing services based biometric passports
(e-Passport) in
the RI representatives abroad, namely in
Singapore, Bangkok, and Taipei.[8]
Another advantage of E-Passport is a data
diselidik people will be easy. So, we will easily investigate a person, whether
he is a terrorist or not. E-Passport is actually not much different from ordinary passport that had been owned
by the community. Only, in the
E-Passport pages
later there is a
thicker paper because
it will be mounted on a chip.
Chip is what makes E-Passport can not be
intercepted, let alone to forge.[9]
Good governance is governance that reflects the government that is transparent, effective and efficient,
and accountable to maintain the interaction kesinergisan advance of the government, private sector and the
community. Good governance is included
in the scope of E-Government.
E-Government is defined as the delivery of
government services and information to the
public using electronic means.
Utilization of E-Government, is a form of utilization
of information technology with elements of transparency, efficiency and effectiveness is an
important element in the application of E-Government. One manifestation
of the creation of E-Govenrment is E-Passport. Judging
from the target which
are principles of good governance, the implementation of E-Passport is required in order to become one of the factors supporting the
establishment of good governance in
Indonesia.
B.
Effectiveness
Effectiveness is the achievement of the right or choose the proper goals of
a set of alternatives or options and determine how the choice of several
options. Effectiveness can also be interpreted as a measure of success in
achieving the objectives that have been determined. For example, if a task can
be completed with the election in ways that have been determined, then the way
it is right or effective. While efficiency is a minimum use of resources in
order to achieve optimum results. Efficiency assumes that the true objectives
have been determined and trying to find ways to best achieve these objectives
When talking about the effectiveness and efficiency must be linked with the
goals and objectives of the activity.1
Efficiency and effectiveness is a critical element in the development of
e-Government, e-Government that is in line with
efforts to achieve good governance (good governance). E-Passport is very
effective to anticipate fraud, passport forgery
so that events like
the mafia convicted Gayus Tambunan tax
is not repeated. Therefore, the E-Passport is equipped
with a special chip.
As explained in the
foregoing discussion, that the benefits and purpose of this E-Passport is to avoid the practice
of counterfeiting and brokering, as well as make
it easier for people to access
the process wherever they are, so that a passport in
Indonesia is expected to be more effective and
efficient . Effectiveness
and efficiency of these services can also be seen from the service extremely fast in the publication, the
same for all users of the service, making it easier for people who take care of my
passport and not have to wait in
line or have to deal with brokers.
C.
Public Service
Based on the
definition of the World Bank, E-Government is the use of information technology
by the government (such as: Wide Area Network, Internet and mobile computing)
that allows the government to transform the relationship with the community,
businesses and interested parties. In practice, E-Government is the use of the
Internet to conduct government business and the provision of better public
services and how service-oriented society. One form of e-government in this
paper is E-Passport. 1
E-Government aims to
provide services without the intervention of officials of public institutions and systems long lines
just to get a
simple service. By
taking care of your passport online, communities will
no longer waste time to wait in
line as well as a lot of money
by using the services of brokers. In addition to the E-Government also
aims to support good governance.
The use of technology to facilitate public
access to information can reduce corruption by increasing transparency and accountability
of public institutions. E-Government to broaden
public participation in the community where it
is possible to engage actively in the decision / policy by the government.
E-Government is also expected to improve productivity
and efficiency of the bureaucracy and increase economic growth. The
concept of E-Government
is to create a friendly
interaction, convenient, transparent and cost between
the government and the public (government
to citizens), government
and business enterprises (government
to business enterprises) and the relationship between government (inter-agency relationship). E-Government by providing services over
the Internet can be divided into
several levels, namely the provision of information, one-way interaction,
two-way interactions and transactions, which means fully electronic service. One-way interaction can
be a facility to download the required forms. Processing
/ collection in
the online form is an example of
two-way interaction. While the full form of electronic
service delivery decision-making and
delivery (payment).1
CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS
Before the advent of the electronic passport is usually when we are going
to make a new passport, we must come to the immigration office and make
application for a passport application. However, with the release of passports
in electronic form, you can make submissions via the official website is
located at the immigration directorate general www.imigrasi.go.id. Once you
open that address, at the bottom of the banner appears there for a passport
online services and visa services online request for approval. Here are the
stages of the passport, both online and in the normal way (without online), as
follows (source: http://marlizawanda.wordpress.com):
Ø Making Passport online
1)
Click www.imigrasi.go.id site.
2)
Click the Free Application for
Passport Making
3)
Click the Pre-Application for
Personal
4)
Select Kanim / location where you
will make the passport. The sites are chosen based on residence.
5)
Then, the content type of
application, if it will make a new passport, select New-Ordinary Passport
6)
Further to the type of passport,
passport select 48H. If 24H is made for Indonesian Workers (TKI).
7)
Then fill in completeness. If
there is no need to be filled, just in the blank, which is marked with an
asterisk (*) are required.
8)
Upload the completeness
requirement (KTP, KK, Birth Certificate / Diploma, and a letter of
recommendation). So it must be scanned first file and made into black and white (no colored
allowed, because the upload process will not run). When uploading the file size
should be considered advisable.
9)
If you are finished filling all
the data, then at the end of akandiminta to print / print Pre Proof Online Application.
10)
If everything is ready and the
letter of evidence already in the Online Application for Pre-print, then the
next day was able to take care of your passport to the immigration office.
The advantages of online passport this way is at the time of photographs,
after officers received your file, then you will be offered for taking
photographs on the same day, without waiting for the schedule. Even so, but
it's how to register via the Internet is considered not effective because if
there are errors in the delivery of documents at the time the file online, then
the passport that has been made will not be valid.
Ø Making a regular passport (without
doing the process online)
Passport in the usual way this is just a little different
than a passport by
going online. After to-4 files (such as KTP,
KK, Birth Certificate / Diploma, and a letter of recommendation) are complete,
then you can go directly to the nearest Immigration Office without having to scan the
files you are like in the online process,
only to capture stage
you have to wait
for a scheduled according to
the Immigration Office, usually about 2-3 days.
Thus, the process of making a regular passport
longer than it online.
Fill out the form provided and attach the file (KTP, KK, Birth Certificate
/ Diploma, and a letter of recommendation) to the folder. split between the
original file and a photo copy. For those who follow the passport renewal
process online, you must attach evidence of Pre-Application for Passport
Online. The next folder containing the files submitted to the requirements of
the counter clerk to be checked completeness, while examining officers will
indirectly interviewing you. (For those who take care of your passport in the
usual way / with no advance online will receive a schedule taking photographs
of the officers at the counter and can go home. You will re-visit the
immigration office on the day and the schedule specified. After taking a queue
number, you just follow procedures, pay the passport at the cash register and
then take a queue number pictures.
Minister of
Justice and Human Rights (Menkumham) Patrialis Akbar states that:
"E-Passport was initiated with the foundation and purpose to tighten
supervision and increase in immigration documents. This passport aims to
improve the immigration service, supervision of foreigners, and the enforcement
of immigration laws. The next goal, to make use of information technology and
communications, as well as improving human resources. In addition to
in-country, the Immigration also provides publishing services based biometric
passports (e-Passport) in the RI representatives abroad, namely in Singapore,
Bangkok, and Taipei. "[10]
E-Passport is very effective to anticipate fraud, passport forgery so that
events like the mafia convicted Gayus Tambunan tax is not repeated. Therefore,
the E-Passport is equipped with a special chip. Minister of Justice and Human
Rights was to guarantee, with this e-Passport, passport counterfeiting will
decrease. Because, according to him, E-Passport is very hard to forge.
E-Passport is not difficult for users on the contrary, the E-Passport will
facilitate the public and ensure the security of its users. Communities are
asked to not have to worry about the policy of this e-Passport. E-Passport will
only facilitate every citizen when traveling abroad because almost all
countries in the world have issued this epaspor policy. Patrialis said the
E-Passport implementation utilizing an electronic-based information technology
advances to meet the safety standards of the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO).
Immigration Director General Bambang Irawan Kemenkumham
explained that:
“E-Passport has many advantages. Among them, the next five years throughout
the world have been using E-Passport-related tools. In addition, to avoid a
false passport and that later there was no misuse of a passport. Another
advantage of E-Passport is a data diselidik people will be easy. So, we will
easily investigate a person, whether he is a terrorist or not. E-Passport is
actually not much different from ordinary passport that had been owned by the
community. Only, in the E-Passport pages later there is a thicker paper because
it will be mounted on a chip. Chip is what makes E-Passport can not be
intercepted, let alone to forge”.[11]
Director of Information Systems Directorate of
Immigration Immigration Kemenkumham
Erwin Azis revealed:
“Usually in the form of a passport book is
still in effect even if the E-Passport
has been launched. E-Passport, he said, still
a choice. That is, people can choose to use ordinary passports
or e-Passport.
For the first stage, making the new E-Passport
will be served at
the three offices of immigration,
the Immigration Office
of the Soekarno-Hatta, Jakarta
and Central Jakarta. Furthermore, we will follow up simultaneously in 2015.
According to him, e-Passport will be launched in stages”.11
The trial's
first phase will launch 18 000 passports. If the trials succeed in the next
year, the amount will be increased to the next trial for two to three years.
Erwin claims, rates or the cost of making the E-Passport is more expensive than
ordinary passports. It cost nearly three times more than the cost of a
conventional passport. For information, rates 24-page passport, for example,
the cost of E-Passport to Rp 405 000. The cost of making a kind of old passport
Rp105.000 only. The price is more expensive than a regular passport because
there are components that are paid, the chip company that can not be produced
locally. But, society does not have to use it. He also said that the price of
the electronic passport in Indonesia most affordable South-East Asia.11
E-Passport tariff imposed in accordance with
the provisions of Government
Regulation (PP). 38/2009 on State Revenue in the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights (Peraturan
Pemerintah (PP) No. 38 tahun 2009 tentang Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak di
Kementerian Hukum dan HAM). Under the decree, passport rates
are as follows:
1) The cost of e-passport
for the 48-page passport
perbuku of Rp 600,000,
- (Six ratusribu
dollars), plus a biometric
fee of Rp 55.000,
- (Fifty five
thousand dollars) and 15,000 fingerprint fee,
- (Fifteen thousand
dollars) so that the overall cost
of Rp.670.000, -
(Six hundred and seventy thousand dollars).
2) For the e-passport
of 24 pages per book
Rp. 350.000, -
(Three hundred and fifty thousand dollars), plus the cost of biometric Rp55.000,
- (Fifty five
thousand dollars) and the fingerprint fee Rp.
15.000, - (Fifteen
thousand dollars) so that the overall cost of Rp 420
000, - (Four hundred and twenty thousand dollars).
3) As for the ordinary passport application fee for passport passport
48 pages per book
of Rp. 200.000, -
(Two hundred thousand
dollars), plus a biometric
fee of Rp. 55.000,
- (Fifty five
thousand dollars) and the fingerprint fee Rp.
15.000, - (Fifteen
thousand dollars) so that the overall cost of Rp. 270 000, - (Two hundred and seventy thousand dollars).
4) to 24 pages per book Rp. 50.000, - (fifty
thousand dollars), plus a biometric fee of Rp
55.000, - (Fifty
five thousand dollars) and 15,000 fingerprint
fee, - (Fifteen
thousand dollars) so that the overall cost of Rp 120.000,
- (One hundred and two hundred thousand dollars).
Good governance is governance that reflects the government that is transparent, effective and efficient,
and accountable to maintain the interaction kesinergisan advance of the government, private sector and the
community. Good governance is included
in the scope of E-Government.
E-Government is defined as the delivery of
government services and information to the
public using electronic means.
Utilization of E-Government, is a form of utilization
of information technology with elements of transparency, efficiency and effectiveness is an
important element in the application of E-Government. One manifestation
of the creation of E-Govenrment is E-Passport.
As explained in the foregoing discussion, that the benefits
and purpose of
this E-Passport
is to avoid the practice
of counterfeiting and brokering, as well as make
it easier for people to access
the process wherever they are, so that a passport in
Indonesia is expected to be more effective and
efficient . Judging
from the target which
are principles of good governance, the implementation of E-Passport is required in order to become one of the factors supporting the
establishment of good governance in
Indonesia.
Conclusion
Considered one of the principles of government in providing services to the community is the importance of the efficiency,
effectiveness, and transparency. These values are
important in
the development of E-Government as
well as closely related to the principles
of good governance, so the
E-Government has been in line with efforts to achieve good governance (good governance). One form of E-Government in
this discussion of the E-Passport. E-Passport tariff
imposed in accordance with the provisions of Government
Regulation (PP). 38 of 2009 on State Revenue in the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights.
Based on the above discussion, the E-Passport can be regarded as one product
innovation that governments have a variety of benefits and objectives, namely:
1) Tightening the supervision and
improvement of immigration documents;
2) Increase the immigration service, supervision of foreigners, and the enforcement of immigration
laws;
3) Make use of information technology and communications, as
well as improving human resources;
4) It is effective to
anticipate fraud, passport forgery so
that events like the mafia tax convicted
Gaius Tambunan not recur;
5) Make it easy for people anywhere
in to access and ensure the safety of its users;
6) E-Passport
is a data diselidik people will be easy.
Making it easier to investigate a person, whether he is
a terrorist or not;
7) The process of making a regular passport longer than online.
In addition to the above 7,
the excess of the
passport by going online to do
this is at the
photograph, after officers received your
file, then you will
be offered for taking photographs on the same day, without waiting for the schedule. Although the cost required for the E-Passport is quite expensive,
but the benefits to
be gained too many communities. Even so, but
it's how to register via the Internet is considered
not effective because if there are errors in
the delivery of documents at the time the file online, then
the passport that has been made
will not be
valid.
[1] Setyatini,
Eti, 2011. “E-
Government: Munuju Efektivitas dan Efisiensi Birokrasi Indonesia” accessed
on February, 13, 2012
from http://etisetyarini.blog.fisip.uns.ac.id/2011/12/07/E-Government-munuju-efektivitas-dan-efisiensi-birokrasi-indonesia/
[2]
Tribunnews.com, 2011. “Gayus Tumbuan
Hadapi Vonis Kasus Pemalsuan Paspor”, accessed on February, 13, 2012 from http://id.berita.yahoo.com/gayus-tambunan-hadapi-vonis-kasus-pemalsuan-paspor-014756497.html
[3] Yunilasari,
Davita, 2011, “Penerapan E-Passport Di
Indonesia“, accessed on February,
13, 2012 from http://coretansiswaudara.wordpress.com/2011/11/25/penerapan-e-passport-di-indonesia-part-i-dan-ii/
[4] Ditjen
Imigrasi RI, 2011. “Sosialisasi UU No.6
Tahun 2011 dalam Dialog Interaktif RRI Pro 3 FM”, accessed on February, 13, 2012 from
http://www.imigrasi.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=565&Itemid=34
[5] Pangaribuan,
Guntur, 2011. “Kehandalan E-Paspor Lebih Menguntungkan
Masyarakat”, accessed on February,
13, 2012 from
http://koranpagionline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1521:kehandalan-e-paspor-lebih-menguntungkan-masyarakat&catid=37:jakarta&Itemid=397
[6] Seputar Indonesia,
2011. “ E-Paspor Dijamin Anti Pemalsuan”,
accessed on February,
13, 2012 from http://www.seputar-indonesia.com/edisicetak/content/view/378428/
[7]
Somyaputra’s blog, 2011. “Pengertian Good Governance”, accessed on
February, 13, 2012 from http://theadvocateofchange.wordpress.com/2011/04/27/pengertian-good-governance/
[8]
Okezone.com, 2011. “Ditjen Imigrasi
Resmikan Pembuatan E-Paspor’”, accessed on February, 13, 2012 from http://news.okezone.com/read/2011/01/26/339/417979/ditjen-imigrasi-resmikan-pembuatan-e-paspor
[9] Harian
Seputar Indonesia,
2011. “E-Passport Dijamin Anti Pemalsuan”,
accessed on February, 13,
2012 from http://www.seputar-indonesia.com/edisicetak/content/view/378428/
[10]
Okezone.com, 2011. “Ditjen Imigrasi
Resmikan Pembuatan E-Paspor’”, accessed on February 13, 2012 from http://news.okezone.com/read/2011/01/26/339/417979/ditjen-imigrasi-resmikan-pembuatan-e-paspor
[11] Harian
Seputar Indonesia,
2011. “E-Passport Dijamin Anti Pemalsuan”,
accessed on February, 13,
2012 from http://www.seputar-indonesia.com/edisicetak/content/view/378428/
REFERENCES
Ditjen
Imigrasi RI, 2011. “Sosialisasi UU No.6
Tahun 2011 dalam Dialog Interaktif RRI Pro 3 FM”, accessed on February, 13, 2012 from
http://www.imigrasi.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=565&Itemid=34
Harian
Seputar Indonesia,
2011. “E-Passport Dijamin Anti Pemalsuan”,
accessed on February, 13,
2012 from
http://www.seputar-indonesia.com/edisicetak/content/view/378428/
Lembaga
Administrasi Negara dan Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan , Akuntabilitas
Dan Good Goverenance” Lembaga Admnistrasi Negara dan Badan Pengawas
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